When I was growing up in rural Ohio, in the 1950s and ‘60s, we, like a lot of other Midwestern families back then, liked going on picnics. Our major family reunions on both sides back then were almost always picnics, some held in places a couple of hours away or more by car.
Fort Amanda 1812-1815 - Artist's conception |
On these occasions, my mother,
grandmothers and aunts would spend the night before and the early morning
preparing some of their tastiest dishes to take along and share and no one
skimped on what they brought, so that such outings turned out to be veritable
gastronomic events of Viking feast-like proportions: Picnic baskets, covered
dishes, grocery sacks and dessert carriers arrived heavy-laden with
finger-lickin’ pan-fried chicken, succulent baked ham, cheesy scalloped
potatoes, sweet-and-sour coleslaw, deviled and pickled eggs, macaroni and
relish salad, potato salad, three-bean salad, garden-fresh sliced tomatoes,
baked beans with franks, potato and corn chips, syrupy fruit salad,
marshmallowy heavenly hash, devil’s food brownies, white cake with creamy white
or fudgy chocolate frosting, rhubarb pie, lemon merengue pie, chocolate
merengue pie, Dutch apple pie, cherry pie, peach pie...just about any delicious
thing you could think of, accompanied by gallon Thermos jugs of strong hot
coffee, iced tea, lemonade and several flavors of Kool-Aid.
The farthest we went, and on several
occasions, was with my mother’s family to the Indiana State Park, an exciting
place that featured sprawling woodlands, a small herd of bison, a tall, scary
smoke-watch tower that you could climb if you had the nerve, and lots of trails
to hike near the picnic grounds. But we also went to places like the
campgrounds at Lake Loramie or Sidney’s hilly, wooded city park (both in Shelby
County where my mother had lived as a little girl), to Faurot Park in the
industrial city of Lima fifteen miles north of our town, where my father had grown
up, to nearby Grand Lake Saint Marys, or to any of a number of locations that
my Grandfather Newland decided were halfway points between wherever my father’s
youngest brother—a Methodist minister—was posted and Wapakoneta, where the rest
of us lived.
But the location where most of our family
picnics took place, the one we went to on the spur of the moment, when somebody
said, “Hey, let’s meet for a picnic this Sunday,” or “It’s such nice fall
weather...How about a weenie roast?” was always Fort Amanda.
Ft. Amanda National Cemetery |
Oddly enough, despite being sort of the
backyard to a cemetery, Fort Amanda isn’t a depressing place at all. Or at
least it never seemed so to us. Located nine miles northwest of my home town,
you get there along lovely State Route 198, a two-lane road that wends its way
through some slightly rolling, rural, West Central Ohio countryside. Some of
what were once green and fertile farms when I was a boy have been sold off
piece by piece to the wealthier members of what has become, essentially, a
bedroom community—since the super highway, a more urban society and corporate
farming carried away jobs, local trade and our small-town culture to other
places—to build their sprawling country-squire dream homes. But much of the
landscape still looks a great deal as it did when I was young, and I take great
pleasure in driving that road whenever I’m back for a visit.
Woodland along the Auglaize River |
Picnic grounds at Ft. Amanda |
American commander, General William Henry
Harrison, realized that the only hope of containing the British advantage and,
hopefully, winning the war would be to ensure that their edge didn’t extend
beyond the Michigan border. Having no federal troop strength in the area, he
called up the Ohio and Kentucky militias to defend the Ohio Territory. But
Nature presented him with a formidable enemy of its own: the Great Black Swamp,
a twenty-five-mile-wide, hundred-mile-long strip of glacial marshland in Northwestern Ohio that
lay in the former bed of an ancient precursor to Great Lake Erie. Trying to
move men, animals, weaponry and supplies through that difficult terrain,
Harrison knew, would be logistical and strategic suicide. So he decided instead
to make use of barges on a Western Ohio supply route formed by two rivers: the
Saint Marys and the Auglaize, both of which flow generally north, about a
hundred miles toward Lake Erie.
In November of 1812, General Harrison mapped out a spot in West-Central Ohio for the establishment of a supply depot on the high western bank of the Auglaize—where an Ottawa village had once stood—and sent orders to Lieutenant Colonel Robert Pogue of the Kentucky Mounted Militia, and a veteran of the decisive Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, to build a frontier fortress at that site. Pogue and his men complied immediately, swiftly erecting the fortress in timber-stockade style. They built four two-storey blockhouses at the corners of a square area measuring about one hundred sixty by one hundred sixty feet and connected them with eleven-foot-tall timber palisades all around the perimeter. Colonel Pogue decided to christen the finished fort “Amanda”, after his twelve-year-old daughter, Hannah Amanda Pogue.
In February of 1813, a company of Ohio
militiamen arrived to re-garrison the new fort, under the command of Captain
Thompson Ward. Ward and his men would almost immediately expand the
installations to handle an ever-increasing flow of men and goods that included
not only victuals, munitions and whiskey, but also livestock and other bulk
rations to help make the fort a sustainable source of food for combat troops. Fort
Amanda thus was to become a key debarkation destination for men and supplies
being sent north in the American thrust to recapture Fort Detroit in Michigan.
Painting by Edward Percy Moran of Perry's crossing to the USS Niagra |
This decisive battle cut main supply lines
to the British troops and their coalition of Native American allies under Chief
Tecumseh at Detroit. With the US in control of Lake Erie until the end of the
war, and with Americans being supplied from the south through outposts like
Fort Amanda, General Harrison was eventually able to rout the British and their
Native allies, recovering Detroit and then pursuing the fleeing enemy to a
final showdown known as The Battle of Thames, where Tecumseh was killed, and
his Native coalition dismembered.
A soldier's grave |
When my sister, brother, cousins and I
were kids, the place seemed huge and mysterious to us. Now when I see it, I
realize how tiny it is—a scant few acres of what remains of primitive Ohio. But
back then, for us, it was replete with the echoes of history, and although our
parents didn’t know a great deal of its background, the little that they told
us filled our heads with fantasies about the Native Amerians who had
originally lived there, the French hunters and trappers who had frequented the
region and gave our river its name (loosely translated as muddy waters or frozen waters depending on whose interpretation you believe), and
the first US settlers to push west into the Ohio Territory from the frontiers
of the original thirteen American states.
The monument at Ft. Amanda |
But since both Greg and I had been told we had Native
American blood flowing in our veins as well (both on our mothers’ sides) we
also, in some renegade corner of our minds, understood the rage of the Indians
as their territories were wrested from them by the white man, so we would also
sometimes pretend to be Shawnee or Ottawa braves. We sheltered in the trunks of
two huge hollow trees near the river (Greg was sure Indians really had lived in
those trees, “since that’s what they did when they didn’t have a teepee,” and
it was exciting to believe he was right and that we were where some aboriginal
ancestor of ours had huddled before us, despite the fact that our mothers
warned us that the only things huddling there were maybe black widow spiders).
On those days I envied Greg his dark skin, straight black hair, brown eyes and slight build as we tried to “be quiet as Indians” hiking through the woods and sneaking up the steep slopes to make a surprise appearance in the picnic areas, where our mothers were calling us for lunch. I, with my German frame and light skin, eyes and hair, as well as my natural lack of physical grace, was no match for him when it came to claiming our Native heritage.
After lunch there was also always a walk with the adults through the cemetery, to peruse the inscriptions on the nineteenth-century eroded gravestones, before crossing a wooden bridge—its timbers smelling in summer of the acrid tar with which they were preserved— over a ravine, leading to the Fort Amanda monument on the site of the old fort. But not without a stop at the grave, just over the bridge, of Captain Edward Dawson, which lay within a wrought iron fence, separate from the cemetery proper. Legend had it that the captain had been off on a sort of nature hike outside the stockade, picking grapes from some of the wild vines that still formed part of the forest thicket when we were children, when he was killed by Native archers who spotted him from the other side of the river. It chilled us to read the inscription on his headstone: Captain Edward Dawson—Murdered by Indians.
Captain Dawson's chilling epitaph |
Up by the monument itself, we were
ever-fascinated by a heavy, round, concrete cover, which, our fathers
conjectured, was probably the entrance to an old munitions magazine where black
powder and other military supplies had been kept. I have little doubt that if
it hadn’t been as large and impenetrably heavy as it was, we boys would have
found a way to move it aside and find out what secrets it was hiding. As it
was, we could only speculate that, if there were only some way to get down
there, we would surely find old muskets, uniforms or cavalry sabers. Or at the
very least, some telling sign of the soldiers who had passed this way a century
and a half before us.
On a recent trip back to Ohio, I walked
the grounds at Fort Amanda again. It was a weekday, and I was alone. It was a
pleasant, personal and nostalgic experience. Now, I was accompanied not only by
the ghosts of the soldiers who had manned the fort in 1812 and ‘13, or of the
ones who here ended their days and are buried, but also by the remembrance of
loved ones who have long-since died and with whom I had first come here so long
ago on pleasant summer and autumn outings.
I can see it now for what it is. A small,
quiet place for a pleasant picnic, an almost forgotten National Cemetery to
commemorate the final stage of the struggle for American independence that had
begun three and a half decades before, a short hike through the hilly, wooded
terrain of primitive Ohio, a tiny spot on the map, maintained by the efforts of
the Ohio Historical Society that few tourists are ever likely to see.
But for me it will always be a venue that
nurtured my childhood fantasies and a place where my family—both immediate and
extended—shared some precious, happy days.